import javax.swing.*;

public class SwingExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("My First Swing Program");
        JLabel label = new JLabel("Welcome to Java Swing");
        label.setBounds(80, 50, 200, 30);

        JButton button = new JButton("Click Me");
        button.setBounds(100, 100, 120, 40);
        button.addActionListener(e ->
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Button Clicked!"));

        frame.add(label);
        frame.add(button);
        frame.setSize(350, 250);
        frame.setLayout(null);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
│ My First Swing Program           X   │
├──────────────────────────────────────┤
│      Welcome to Java Swing           │
│         ┌───────────┐                │
│         │ Click Me  │                │
│         └───────────┘                │
└──────────────────────────────────────┘

JLabel label = new JLabel("Welcome");
label.setBounds(100, 100, 150, 30);
frame.add(label);

JTextField tf = new JTextField();
tf.setBounds(50, 50, 150, 30);
frame.add(tf);
String text = tf.getText();  // Retrieve input

JButton b = new JButton("Click");
b.setBounds(100, 100, 100, 30);
b.addActionListener(e -> System.out.println("Clicked"));
frame.add(b);

JCheckBox cb = new JCheckBox("Java");
cb.setBounds(100, 100, 100, 30);
frame.add(cb);
boolean selected = cb.isSelected();

import javax.swing.*;

public class ComponentDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame f = new JFrame("Components Demo");

        JLabel l = new JLabel("Name:");
        l.setBounds(20, 20, 100, 30);

        JTextField tf = new JTextField();
        tf.setBounds(100, 20, 150, 30);

        JCheckBox cb = new JCheckBox("Java");
        cb.setBounds(20, 60, 100, 30);

        JButton b = new JButton("Submit");
        b.setBounds(100, 100, 100, 30);
        b.addActionListener(e ->
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(f, "Hello " + tf.getText()));

        f.add(l); f.add(tf); f.add(cb); f.add(b);
        f.setSize(300, 200);
        f.setLayout(null);
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

[A] [B] [C]
[D] [E]

frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
frame.add(new JButton("North"), BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(new JButton("South"), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(new JButton("East"), BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(new JButton("West"), BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(new JButton("Center"), BorderLayout.CENTER);

        North
West    Center    East
        South

frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2));

A B
C D

frame.setLayout(new CardLayout());

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class GridDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame f = new JFrame();
        f.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2));

        f.add(new JButton("A"));
        f.add(new JButton("B"));
        f.add(new JButton("C"));
        f.add(new JButton("D"));

        f.setSize(300, 300);
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

[A] [B]
[C] [D]

Button → ActionEvent → ActionListener → actionPerformed()

JButton b = new JButton("Click");
b.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("Button Clicked");
    }
});

b.addActionListener(e -> System.out.println("Button Clicked"));

public class Demo extends WindowAdapter {
    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class EventDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame f = new JFrame("Event Demo");
        JButton b = new JButton("Click Me");
        b.setBounds(100, 100, 120, 40);

        b.addActionListener(e ->
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(f, "Button Clicked!"));

        f.add(b);
        f.setSize(300, 250);
        f.setLayout(null);
        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
}

Spring Framework
|
|-- Core Container
|-- Spring MVC
|-- Spring JDBC
|-- Spring ORM
|-- Spring Security
|-- Spring AOP

StudentDAO dao = new StudentDAO();   // Tightly coupled

@Autowired
private StudentDAO dao;   // Spring injects automatically

@Transactional
public void saveStudent() {
}

Application
    |
--------------------------------
| Core Container               |
| Data Access Layer            |
| Web Layer                    |
| Integration Layer            |
--------------------------------

StudentDAO dao = new StudentDAO();   // Programmer creates objects

@Autowired
StudentDAO dao;   // Spring creates and injects objects

Application
    ↓
Spring Container
    ↓
Object Creation
    ↓
Dependency Injection

@Component
public class Student {
}

<bean id="student" class="com.demo.Student"/>

ApplicationContext context =
    new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");

public class StudentService {
    private StudentDAO dao;

    public StudentService(StudentDAO dao) {
        this.dao = dao;
    }
}

<bean id="dao" class="StudentDAO"/>
<bean id="service" class="StudentService">
    <constructor-arg ref="dao"/>
</bean>

public class StudentService {
    private StudentDAO dao;

    public void setDao(StudentDAO dao) {
        this.dao = dao;
    }
}

<property name="dao" ref="dao"/>

@Service
public class StudentService {
    @Autowired
    private StudentDAO dao;
}

@Autowired
private StudentDAO dao;

@Component
@Scope("singleton")
public class Student {
}

Request 1 → Same Object
Request 2 → Same Object
Request 3 → Same Object

@Component
@Scope("prototype")
public class Student {
}

Request 1 → Object 1
Request 2 → Object 2
Request 3 → Object 3

1. Bean Instantiation
2. Dependency Injection
3. @PostConstruct (init)
4. Bean Ready for Use
5. @PreDestroy (destroy)
6. Bean Removed

@PostConstruct
public void init() {
    System.out.println("Bean Initialized");
}

@PreDestroy
public void destroy() {
    System.out.println("Bean Destroyed");
}

@Component
@Scope("singleton")
public class Student {

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("Student bean initialized");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("Student bean destroyed");
    }
}

Browser
    ↓
DispatcherServlet (Front Controller)
    ↓
HandlerMapping
    ↓
Controller
    ↓
ViewResolver
    ↓
View (JSP)

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>
        org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
    </servlet-class>
</servlet>

<context:component-scan base-package="com.demo"/>

@Controller
public class HomeController {
}

@RequestMapping("/home")
public String home() {
    return "home";
}

<bean class="InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>

@RequestMapping("/student")
public String student() {
    return "student";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/save", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String save() {
    return "success";
}

@PostMapping("/save")
public String save() {
    return "success";
}

<%@ taglib prefix="form"
    uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>

<form:form modelAttribute="student">
    <form:input path="name"/>
    <form:input path="email"/>
    <input type="submit" value="Save"/>
</form:form>

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private String email;
    // getters and setters
}

@PostMapping("/save")
public String save(Student student) {
    // student.name and student.email are populated
    return "success";
}

<%@ taglib prefix="form"
    uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<html>
<body>
    <form:form modelAttribute="student" action="save">
        Name: <form:input path="name"/>
        <form:errors path="name" cssClass="error"/>
        <br/>
        Email: <form:input path="email"/>
        <form:errors path="email" cssClass="error"/>
        <br/>
        <input type="submit" value="Save"/>
    </form:form>
</body>
</html>

@Controller
public class StudentController {

    @GetMapping("/form")
    public String showForm(Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("student", new Student());
        return "form";
    }

    @PostMapping("/save")
    public String save(@Valid Student student, BindingResult result) {
        if (result.hasErrors()) {
            return "form";
        }
        return "success";
    }
}

public class Student {
    @NotEmpty(message = "Name is required")
    private String name;

    @Email(message = "Invalid email")
    @NotEmpty(message = "Email is required")
    private String email;

    @Min(value = 18, message = "Age must be at least 18")
    @Max(value = 60, message = "Age must be at most 60")
    private int age;

    // getters and setters
}

@PostMapping("/save")
public String save(@Valid Student student, BindingResult result) {
    if (result.hasErrors()) {
        return "form";   // Return to form with errors
    }
    return "success";
}

<form:form modelAttribute="student">
    Name: <form:input path="name"/>
    <form:errors path="name" cssClass="error"/>
    <br/>

    Email: <form:input path="email"/>
    <form:errors path="email" cssClass="error"/>
    <br/>

    Age: <form:input path="age"/>
    <form:errors path="age" cssClass="error"/>
    <br/>

    <input type="submit" value="Save"/>
</form:form>

User submits form
    ↓
Controller receives @Valid Student
    ↓
Validation runs automatically
    ↓
If errors → BindingResult contains errors → return to form
    ↓
If valid → process data → return success

Application
    |
--------------------------------
| Core Container               |
| Data Access Layer            |
| Web Layer                    |
| Integration Layer            |
--------------------------------

ApplicationContext context =
    new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");

JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

@Controller
public class HomeController {
}

@Repository
public class StudentDAO {
}

[        10        ]
[7] [8] [9] [ / ]
[4] [5] [6] [ * ]
[1] [2] [3] [ - ]
[0] [.] [=] [ + ]

JFrame frame = new JFrame("Calculator");
frame.setSize(300, 400);
frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());

JTextField display = new JTextField();
display.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.RIGHT);
display.setEditable(false);
frame.add(display, BorderLayout.NORTH);

JPanel panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4, 5, 5));

String[] buttons = {
    "7", "8", "9", "/",
    "4", "5", "6", "*",
    "1", "2", "3", "-",
    "0", ".", "=", "+"
};

for (String text : buttons) {
    JButton btn = new JButton(text);
    panel.add(btn);
}
frame.add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

StringBuilder expression = new StringBuilder();

for (Component c : panel.getComponents()) {
    JButton btn = (JButton) c;
    btn.addActionListener(e -> {
        String cmd = btn.getText();
        if (cmd.equals("=")) {
            try {
                double result = evaluate(expression.toString());
                display.setText(String.valueOf(result));
                expression.setLength(0);
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                display.setText("Error");
            }
        } else {
            expression.append(cmd);
            display.setText(expression.toString());
        }
    });
}

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Calculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Calculator");
        JTextField display = new JTextField();
        display.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.RIGHT);
        display.setEditable(false);

        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4, 5, 5));

        String[] buttons = {
            "7", "8", "9", "/",
            "4", "5", "6", "*",
            "1", "2", "3", "-",
            "0", ".", "=", "+"
        };

        StringBuilder expression = new StringBuilder();

        for (String text : buttons) {
            JButton btn = new JButton(text);
            btn.addActionListener(e -> {
                String cmd = btn.getText();
                if (cmd.equals("=")) {
                    try {
                        double result = eval(expression.toString());
                        display.setText(String.valueOf(result));
                        expression.setLength(0);
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        display.setText("Error");
                    }
                } else {
                    expression.append(cmd);
                    display.setText(expression.toString());
                }
            });
            panel.add(btn);
        }

        frame.add(display, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    static double eval(String expr) {
        // Simple evaluation (use ScriptEngine for real apps)
        return new Object() {
            int pos = -1, ch;
            void nextChar() { ch = (++pos < expr.length()) ? expr.charAt(pos) : -1; }
            boolean eat(int c) { while (ch == ' ') nextChar(); if (ch == c) { nextChar(); return true; } return false; }
            double parse() { nextChar(); double x = parseExpression(); return x; }
            double parseExpression() {
                double x = parseTerm();
                for (;;) {
                    if (eat('+')) x += parseTerm();
                    else if (eat('-')) x -= parseTerm();
                    else return x;
                }
            }
            double parseTerm() {
                double x = parseFactor();
                for (;;) {
                    if (eat('*')) x *= parseFactor();
                    else if (eat('/')) x /= parseFactor();
                    else return x;
                }
            }
            double parseFactor() {
                if (eat('+')) return parseFactor();
                if (eat('-')) return -parseFactor();
                double x;
                int startPos = pos;
                if (eat('(')) { x = parseExpression(); eat(')'); }
                else if ((ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') || ch == '.') {
                    while ((ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') || ch == '.') nextChar();
                    x = Double.parseDouble(expr.substring(startPos, pos));
                } else throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected");
                return x;
            }
        }.parse();
    }
}

Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(
    "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school",
    "root",
    "root"
);

JFrame f = new JFrame("Student Registration");
JLabel l1 = new JLabel("Name:");
JTextField tf1 = new JTextField();
JLabel l2 = new JLabel("Age:");
JTextField tf2 = new JTextField();
JButton save = new JButton("Save");

save.addActionListener(e -> {
    try {
        String name = tf1.getText();
        int age = Integer.parseInt(tf2.getText());

        PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(
            "INSERT INTO student(name, age) VALUES(?, ?)");
        ps.setString(1, name);
        ps.setInt(2, age);
        ps.executeUpdate();

        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(f, "Saved successfully!");
    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
    }
});

String[] columns = {"ID", "Name", "Age"};
DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(columns, 0);
JTable table = new JTable(model);

Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM student");

while (rs.next()) {
    model.addRow(new Object[]{
        rs.getInt("id"),
        rs.getString("name"),
        rs.getInt("age")
    });
}

f.add(new JScrollPane(table));

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.table.*;
import java.sql.*;

public class StudentApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame f = new JFrame("Student Management");
        f.setLayout(null);

        JLabel l1 = new JLabel("Name:");
        l1.setBounds(20, 20, 100, 30);
        JTextField tf1 = new JTextField();
        tf1.setBounds(100, 20, 150, 30);

        JLabel l2 = new JLabel("Age:");
        l2.setBounds(20, 60, 100, 30);
        JTextField tf2 = new JTextField();
        tf2.setBounds(100, 60, 150, 30);

        JButton save = new JButton("Save");
        save.setBounds(100, 100, 100, 30);

        String[] columns = {"ID", "Name", "Age"};
        DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(columns, 0);
        JTable table = new JTable(model);
        JScrollPane sp = new JScrollPane(table);
        sp.setBounds(20, 150, 350, 200);

        save.addActionListener(e -> {
            try {
                Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
                Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(
                    "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school", "root", "root");

                PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(
                    "INSERT INTO student(name, age) VALUES(?, ?)");
                ps.setString(1, tf1.getText());
                ps.setInt(2, Integer.parseInt(tf2.getText()));
                ps.executeUpdate();

                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(f, "Saved!");
                con.close();
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        });

        f.add(l1); f.add(tf1);
        f.add(l2); f.add(tf2);
        f.add(save); f.add(sp);
        f.setSize(420, 420);
        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

try {
    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(
        "javax.swing.plaf.nimbus.NimbusLookAndFeel");
} catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(
    new ClassPathResource("beans.xml"));
Student student = (Student) factory.getBean("student");

ApplicationContext context =
    new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Student student = context.getBean("student", Student.class);

// By name
Student s1 = (Student) context.getBean("student");

// By type
Student s2 = context.getBean(Student.class);

// By name and type
Student s3 = context.getBean("student", Student.class);

<bean id="student" class="com.demo.Student">
    <property name="name" value="Rahul"/>
    <property name="age" value="20"/>
</bean>

@Component
public class Student {
    @Value("Rahul")
    private String name;

    @Value("20")
    private int age;
}

1. Instantiation
    ↓
2. Dependency Injection (Populate Properties)
    ↓
3. BeanNameAware.setBeanName()
    ↓
4. BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()
    ↓
5. ApplicationContextAware.setApplicationContext()
    ↓
6. BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization()
    ↓
7. @PostConstruct / InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet() / custom init-method
    ↓
8. BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization()
    ↓
9. Bean Ready for Use
    ↓
10. @PreDestroy / DisposableBean.destroy() / custom destroy-method
    ↓
11. Bean Removed

@Component
public class Student {
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("Bean initialized");
    }
}

public class Student implements InitializingBean {
    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Bean initialized");
    }
}

<bean id="student" class="com.demo.Student" init-method="init"/>

@PreDestroy
public void destroy() {
    System.out.println("Bean destroyed");
}

public class Student implements DisposableBean {
    @Override
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Bean destroyed");
    }
}

<bean id="student" class="com.demo.Student" destroy-method="cleanup"/>

@Component
public class Student {

    public Student() {
        System.out.println("1. Constructor called");
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setDao(StudentDAO dao) {
        System.out.println("2. Dependency injected");
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("3. @PostConstruct called");
    }

    public void doWork() {
        System.out.println("4. Bean in use");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("5. @PreDestroy called");
    }
}

1. Constructor called
2. Dependency injected
3. @PostConstruct called

5. @PreDestroy called

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.demo")
public class AppConfig {

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        DriverManagerDataSource ds = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        ds.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");
        ds.setUsername("root");
        ds.setPassword("root");
        return ds;
    }
}

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root

HTML Form → HTTP Request → Controller → Java Object

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private String email;
    private int age;

    // getters and setters
}

<%@ taglib prefix="form"
    uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>

<form:form modelAttribute="student" action="save" method="post">
    Name: <form:input path="name"/><br/>
    Email: <form:input path="email"/><br/>
    Age: <form:input path="age"/><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
</form:form>

@Controller
public class StudentController {

    @GetMapping("/form")
    public String showForm(Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("student", new Student());
        return "form";
    }

    @PostMapping("/save")
    public String save(Student student) {
        // Spring automatically binds form data to student object
        System.out.println("Name: " + student.getName());
        System.out.println("Email: " + student.getEmail());
        return "success";
    }
}

public class Student {
    @NotEmpty(message = "Name is required")
    private String name;

    @Email(message = "Invalid email")
    @NotEmpty(message = "Email is required")
    private String email;

    @Min(value = 18, message = "Age must be at least 18")
    @Max(value = 60, message = "Age must be at most 60")
    private int age;

    // getters and setters
}

@PostMapping("/save")
public String save(@Valid Student student, BindingResult result) {
    if (result.hasErrors()) {
        return "form";   // Return to form with errors
    }
    return "success";
}

<form:form modelAttribute="student">
    Name: <form:input path="name"/>
    <form:errors path="name" cssClass="error"/><br/>

    Email: <form:input path="email"/>
    <form:errors path="email" cssClass="error"/><br/>

    Age: <form:input path="age"/>
    <form:errors path="age" cssClass="error"/><br/>

    <input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
</form:form>

1. User opens form → GET /form
2. Controller adds empty Student to model
3. Form displayed with empty fields
4. User fills form → POST /save
5. Spring binds form data to Student object
6. @Valid triggers validation
7. If errors → BindingResult has errors → return to form
8. If valid → process data → return success

src/
├── main/
│   ├── java/
│   │   └── com/demo/
│   │       ├── controller/
│   │       │   └── StudentController.java
│   │       ├── model/
│   │       │   └── Student.java
│   │       └── config/
│   │           └── WebConfig.java
│   ├── resources/
│   │   └── application.properties
│   └── webapp/
│       └── WEB-INF/
│           ├── views/
│           │   ├── form.jsp
│           │   └── success.jsp
│           └── web.xml

package com.demo.model;

import javax.validation.constraints.*;

public class Student {
    @NotEmpty(message = "Name is required")
    private String name;

    @Email(message = "Invalid email")
    private String email;

    @Min(value = 18, message = "Age must be at least 18")
    private int age;

    // getters and setters
    public String getName() { return name; }
    public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }

    public String getEmail() { return email; }
    public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; }

    public int getAge() { return age; }
    public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; }
}

package com.demo.controller;

import com.demo.model.Student;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.Valid;

@Controller
public class StudentController {

    @GetMapping("/form")
    public String showForm(Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("student", new Student());
        return "form";
    }

    @PostMapping("/save")
    public String save(@Valid @ModelAttribute("student") Student student,
                       BindingResult result) {
        if (result.hasErrors()) {
            return "form";
        }
        return "success";
    }
}

<%@ taglib prefix="form"
    uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Student Form</title>
    <style>
        .error { color: red; }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>Student Registration</h2>
    <form:form modelAttribute="student" action="save" method="post">
        <table>
            <tr>
                <td>Name:</td>
                <td><form:input path="name"/></td>
                <td><form:errors path="name" cssClass="error"/></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Email:</td>
                <td><form:input path="email"/></td>
                <td><form:errors path="email" cssClass="error"/></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Age:</td>
                <td><form:input path="age"/></td>
                <td><form:errors path="age" cssClass="error"/></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td colspan="3"><input type="submit" value="Submit"/></td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </form:form>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<body>
    <h2>Registration Successful!</h2>
    <p>Name: ${student.name}</p>
    <p>Email: ${student.email}</p>
    <p>Age: ${student.age}</p>
</body>
</html>

package com.demo.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.demo")
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
        resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        return resolver;
    }

    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(
            DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }
}